In the villages of Odisha, where livestock is a lifeline for thousands of families, a quiet success story has been taking shape. The Kendrapada sheep, once known only to local farmers, is today gaining recognition as one of India’s most promising indigenous breeds. Behind this transformation lies not just science, but years of dedicated effort by individuals who believed in the value of this humble animal. At a time when indigenous breeds often went unnoticed, the field work done by our team brought this unique sheep into the scientific and national spotlight. Our contribution laid the foundation for the research and recognition that followed.
Farmers in Kendrapada and nearby regions have long known that this sheep is special. It is hardy, well adapted to local conditions, and most importantly, capable of producing more lambs than many other breeds. For rural households, this means more income and better security. What farmers observed in the field has now been confirmed by science.
Further, a recent study conducted at the ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute in Rajasthan examined the genetic makeup of Kendrapada sheep. Scientists focused on a specific gene called the fecundity gene (FecB), which is responsible for higher reproduction in sheep. Their findings confirmed that Kendrapada sheep naturally carry this powerful gene in large numbers.
The study analysed 120 Kendrapada sheep using modern DNA testing methods. The results showed that most of these sheep carry the gene that increases the chances of multiple births. In simple terms, this means that instead of giving birth to just one lamb, these sheep often give birth to two or even three.
The numbers tell an encouraging story. About 86.67% of the sheep studied were found to carry this special gene . This is a very high percentage and clearly shows the natural strength of the breed.
Scientists also found different types of this gene in the population: some sheep had two copies (called BB), some had one copy (B+), and some had none (++). Those with one or two copies of the gene are more likely to produce more lambs. This makes them extremely valuable for farmers.
Though it may sound complex, the science behind it is quite simple. Inside every animal’s body, genes control how it grows and functions. In Kendrapada sheep, a small natural change in one gene improves the way the reproductive system works. This leads to the production of more eggs, which increases the chances of multiple births. So, a tiny change at the DNA level leads to a big difference in real life; more lambs and more income.
This discovery is not just important for scientists. It has real benefits for farmers. In the past, improving livestock meant waiting for many years and selecting animals based on appearance and performance. Now, with the help of DNA testing, farmers and breeders can identify the best animals much faster. This method is called marker-assisted breeding. It helps in selecting sheep that already have the desired gene, ensuring better results in less time. For small farmers, this can make a big difference. More lambs mean more animals to sell, more meat production, and better earnings without increasing costs.
The success of Kendrapada sheep also sends a strong message: local breeds matter. For a long time, there has been a belief that foreign or exotic breeds are always better. But studies like this prove that our indigenous animals have their own strengths. They are well suited to local climates, require less maintenance, and often carry unique genetic traits.
Kendrapada sheep is a perfect example of this. It is similar in some ways to the famous Garole sheep of West Bengal, which is known worldwide for its high reproduction rate. In fact, scientists believe that such valuable genes may have originally come from Indian breeds. This makes it even more important to protect and promote our native livestock.
The formal registration of Kendrapada sheep as a recognized breed in India is a major achievement. But this did not happen overnight. It required years of fieldwork, data collection, and advocacy. This is where efforts of our team stand out. The team worked tirelessly to document the unique features of the breed, bring it to the attention of scientific communities, and push for its official recognition. Such work ensured that Kendrapada sheep received the identity and respect it deserves. Today, this recognition is helping attract more research, support, and awareness for the breed.
While the findings are promising, experts say there is still more work to be done. Breeding programmes need to be expanded so that more farmers can benefit from this knowledge. Training and awareness are also important so that farmers understand how to use improved breeding methods. At the same time, care must be taken to preserve the original qualities of the breed. Uncontrolled crossbreeding can reduce its unique advantages. Good nutrition, healthcare, and proper management will also play a key role. Even the best genetic traits need the right environment to perform well.
The story of Kendrapada sheep is not just about an animal. It is about people, perseverance, and progress. It shows how local knowledge and modern science can come together to create something valuable. It highlights the importance of recognizing and supporting indigenous resources. And above all, it offers hope to farmers looking for better opportunities. From the fields of Odisha to research laboratories, and now to national recognition, the journey of this breed is truly inspiring.
Kendrapada sheep stands today as a symbol of what can be achieved when dedication meets science. Thanks to early efforts by our team, this once overlooked breed is now gaining the attention it deserves. With continued research, proper breeding strategies, and farmer support, it has the potential to transform sheep farming in India.
Sometimes, the biggest solutions come from the simplest places. In this case, from a resilient sheep quietly grazing in the villages of Odisha, now ready to shape the future of livestock farming.
Dr. Bishnupada Sethi
Dr. Sethi serves as the Chaiman of OFDC and Chief Administrator of KBK districts of Odisha.
